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Major M7.8 earthquake hits Kamchatka, hazardous tsunami waves possible

A powerful M7.8 earthquake hit near the east coast of Kamchatka, Russia at 18:58 UTC on September 18 (06:58 LT on September 19), 2025. The agency is reporting a depth of 19.5 km (12 miles). EMSC is reporting the same magnitude and depth.

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Epicenter of M7.8 earthquake near the east coast of Kamchatka, Russia on September 18, 2025. Credit: TW/SAM, Google

The epicenter was located 145 km (90 miles) E of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (population 181 216), Kamchatka, Russia.

241 000 people are estimated to have felt strong shaking, 33 000 moderate and 11 000 light.

Based on the preliminary earthquake parameters (M7.8) hazardous tsunami waves are possible for coasts located within 1 000 km (620 miles) of the earthquake epicenter, NWS PTWC said.

A tsunami threat exists for parts of the Pacific closer to the earthquake but it is still too early to determine whether Hawaii is under threat, the center said at 19:05 UTC. “If a tsunami threat to Hawaii is confirmed, the earliest possible arrival time is 14:51 HST on Thursday, September 18.”

The tsunami threat has passed by 21:27 UTC, with only minor sea level fluctuations in some coastal areas near the earthquake.

The USGS issued a Green alert for shaking-related fatalities and Yellow alert for economic losses. Some damage is possible and the impact should be relatively localized. Estimated economic losses are less than 1% of GDP of Russia. Past events with this alert level have required a local or regional level response.

Overall, the population in this region resides in structures that are resistant to earthquake shaking, though vulnerable structures exist. The predominant vulnerable building types are adobe block and unreinforced brick with mud construction.

Recent earthquakes in this area have caused secondary hazards such as tsunamis that might have contributed to losses.

Landslides triggered by the earthquake are expected to be limited, but liquefaction is assessed to be significant in severity and/or spatial extent.

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Epicenter of M7.8 earthquake near the east coast of Kamchatka, Russia on September 18, 2025. Credit: TW/SAM, Google

This is yet another strong aftershock of tsunami-producing M8.8 earthquake on July 29, 2025. This quake generated a Pacific-wide tsunami and ranked as the sixth strongest earthquake ever recorded instrumentally. The event ruptured a large portion of the Kuril–Kamchatka subduction zone, with ground displacement recorded across southern Kamchatka.

Satellite and geodetic data indicate that southern Kamchatka shifted horizontally by up to 2 m (6.6 feet) during the rupture. The deformation was widespread, with coastal subsidence and uplift altering local topography. Such large-scale displacements are consistent with megathrust events of this magnitude.

The tsunami generated by the earthquake was observed across the Pacific basin. Amplitudes reached 2.7 m (8.9 feet) at Ust-Kamchatsk and 2.4 m (7.9 feet) at Nikolskoye on the Commander Islands. In Japan, tide gauges recorded waves up to 0.4 m (1.3 feet), while Hawaii registered minor fluctuations. Despite the wide distribution, the most severe effects were confined to the Russian Far East.

The Kuril–Kamchatka trench is one of the world’s most seismically active subduction zones. Historical records include the 1952 M9.0 Kamchatka earthquake and tsunami, which caused widespread damage and fatalities across the Pacific.

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